Urbanism as a Chinese Way of Life MARTIN KING WHYTE
نویسنده
چکیده
TWO GENERATIONS have passed since Louis Wirth (1938) published his influential and controversial piece, &dquo;Urbanism as a Way of Life,&dquo; which attempted to specify the universal features of urban places. Since then his effort has often been criticized, yet the question of whether there are universals of urbanism continues to fascinate urban sociologists (see, for example, Duncan 1957; Dewey 1960; Fischer 1976). In recent years the revival of interest in Marxism among Western social scientists has led to a modified thesis gaining some currency: features of urbanism such as those identified by Wirth are inherent consequences of capitalism, but could be avoided in some socialist cities (Castells 1977; Smith 1979). Also in recent years there has been a flurry of interest in urban organization in the People’s Republic of China and some suggestions that the Chinese Communists had, in fact, managed to establish a new form of city life that avoided most &dquo;evils of urbanism.&dquo; (see Sidel 1974; Cell 1979) We propose to consider here the Chinese case in a comparative context in order to assess these various arguments.’ 1
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